Hidden Threats
The Persistence of Radical Ideology Among Former Female Terrorist Inmates in Indonesia and the Rejection of Local Wisdom
Abstract
This article investigates the enduring threat of radicalism among female ex-convicts in Indonesia who, despite seeming disengagement, retain radical ideologies and reject local wisdom. It explores the complexities of their reintegration by examining how their past experiences in radical groups, through the lens of Bourdieu's concept of "habitus," have shaped their persistent beliefs and behaviors. This ingrained mindset resists societal pressures to conform, leading to a continued rejection of local values promoting harmony. The study hypothesizes that this internalized radicalism, despite outward conformity, poses a latent risk of future radicalization and acts of intolerance, acting as a potential trigger for extremism.
Downloads
References
Alimi, Eitan Y., Lorenzo Bosi, and Chares Demetriou. The Dynamics of Radicalization: A Relational and Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199937707.001.0001.
Altier, Mary Beth, Emma Leonard Boyle, Neil D. Shortland, and John G. Horgan. "Why They Leave: An Analysis of Terrorist Disengagement Events from Eighty-Seven Autobiographical Accounts." Security Studies 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 305–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2017.1280307.
Anderson, Bo, Joseph Berger, Morris Zelditch, and Bernard P. Cohen. "Reactions to Inequity." Acta Sociologica 12, no. 1 (January 1969): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/000169936901200101.
Ariyani, Luh Putu Sri, Tuty Mariyati, and Anantawikrama Tungga Atmadja. "Local Wisdom As An Action Guidelines Against Dutch Colonialism In Indonesian National History." Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry 12, no. 9 (2021).
Azra, Azyumardi. Islam nusantara, jaringan global dan lokal. Cet. 1. Bandung: Mizan : Didistribusikan oleh Mizan Media Utama, 2002.
Bazemore, Gordon, and Carsten Erbe. "Operationalizing the Community Variable in Offender Reintegration: Theory and Practice for Developing Intervention Social Capital." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 1, no. 3 (July 2003): 246–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204003001003002.
Bennett, Tony. "Habitus Clivé: Aesthetics and Politics in the Work of Pierre Bourdieu." New Literary History 38, no. 1 (December 2007): 201–28. https://doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2007.0013.
Bourdieu, Pierre, and Pierre Bourdieu. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Nachdr. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology 16. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010.
———. The Logic of Practice. Reprinted. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Univ. Press, 2008.
Cahn, Naomi, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Fionnuala D. Ni Aolain. "Returning Home: Women in Post-Conflict Societies." U. Balt. L. Rev. 339, 2010.
Carlton, Bree, and Marie Segrave. Women Exiting Prison: Critical Essays on Gender, Post-Release Support and Survival. Routledge Studies in Crime and Society 5. London: Routledge, 2013.
Case, Patricia, David Fasenfest, Rosmary Sarri, and Anna Phillips. "Providing Educational Support for Female Ex-Inmates: Project PROVE as a Model for Social Reintegration." Journal of Correctional Education 56, no. 2 (June 2005): 146–57.
Chernov Hwang, Julie. Why Terrorists Quit: The Disengagement of Indonesian Jihadists. Ithaca: Cornell University press, 2018.
Costa, Cristina, Ciaran Burke, and Mark Murphy. "Capturing Habitus: Theory, Method and Reflexivity." International Journal of Research & Method in Education 42, no. 1 (January 2019): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2017.1420771.
Decker, Scott H., and David C. Pyrooz. "The Imprisonment-Extremism Nexus: Continuity and Change in Activism and Radicalism Intentions in a Longitudinal Study of Prisoner Reentry." Edited by Stéphanie Baggio. PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e0242910. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242910.
Della Porta, Donatella. "Radicalization: A Relational Perspective." Annual Review of Political Science 21, no. 1 (May 11, 2018): 461–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-042716-102314.
Grenfell, Michael, ed. Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts. 2. ed. Key Concepts. London: Routledge, 2012.
Gunning, Jeroen, and Richard Jackson. "What's so 'Religious' about 'Religious Terrorism'?" Critical Studies on Terrorism 4, no. 3 (December 2011): 369–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2011.623405.
Hafez, Mohammed, and Creighton Mullins. "The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Extremism." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 38, no. 11 (November 2, 2015): 958–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2015.1051375.
Hogg, Michael A. "Uncertain Self in a Changing World: A Foundation for Radicalisation, Populism, and Autocratic Leadership." European Review of Social Psychology 32, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 235–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1827628.
Horgan, John. Walking Away from Terrorism: Accounts of Disengagement from Radical and Extremist Movements. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.
Ii, Harianto, Teguh Satria Amin, and Zulfitri Zulfitri. "Validation of Local Wisdom and Culture as Justification of Cultural Tolerance in Padang Sidempuan, North Sumatra." JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1306. https://doi.org/10.29210/020232842.
Jones, Sidney, and Sidney Solahudin. "TERRORISM IN INDONESIA: A Fading Threat?" Southeast Asian Affairs, 2014, 139–47.
Kaplan, Oliver, and Enzo Nussio. "Community Counts: The Social Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in Colombia." Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, no. 2 (March 2018): 132–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894215614506.
Macfarlane, Kate. "Indonesian Women and Terrorism: An Analysis of Historical and Contemporary Trends." Politics and Governance 12 (April 17, 2024): 7724. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7724.
Maton, Karl. "Habitus." In Pierre Bourdieu, edited by Michael Grenfell, 1st ed., 49–66. Acumen Publishing Limited, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1017/UPO9781844654031.006.
McWhirter, Paula T. "Community Therapeutic Intervention for Women Healing from Trauma." The Journal for Specialists in Group Work 31, no. 4 (December 2006): 339–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933920600918857.
Nisa, Eva F. "Muslim Women in Contemporary Indonesia: Online Conflicting Narratives behind the Women Ulama Congress." Asian Studies Review 43, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 434–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2019.1632796.
Richie, B. E. "Reintegrating Women Leaving Jail into Urban Communities: A Description of a Model Program." Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 78, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 290–303. https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.2.290.
Savard, Michelle. "The Reintegration of Young Mothers in Northern Uganda: Considering Post-War Spaces for Change." Ph.D thesis, Concordia University., 2019.
Schuurman, Bart Willem, and Max Taylor. "Reconsidering Radicalization: Fanaticism and the Link between Ideas and Violence." Perspectives on Terrorism 12, no. 1 (February 2018): 3–22.
Wacquant, L. "Esclarecer o Habitus." Educação & Linguagem 10, no. 16 (December 31, 2007): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-1043/el.v10n16p63-71.
Copyright (c) 2024 Faiqotul Mala, Fazlul Rahman

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.