Nalar Moderat Istinbat Al-Ahkam Nahdlatul Ulama
(Dinamika Pengambilan Keputusan Hukum Islam dalam Problematika Kontemporer)
Abstract
Islamic law or fiqh is ineffective in responding to legal problems that are happening in society if the tools of the ijtihad or istinbāṭ al-aḥkām process are ignored. The rule “changes in law due to changes in times, places, and conditions” emphasizes the development of law. Therefore, the development of the istinbāṭ al-aḥkām methodology and reforms need to be carried out to be able to accommodate human problems as logical demands in the reality of life. This study examines the dynamics of making legal decisions by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in responding to contemporary problems in Indonesia. With a qualitative approach and library research, researchers will examine various sources, both primary and secondary, contained in various decisions of the National Deliberation and NU General Conference, journals, books and other research results. The 1992 National Deliberation in Bandar Lampung was the basic foundation of the law-making system for NU, it was explained that the law-taking procedure was within the framework of being based on one of the four agreed schools of thought and prioritizing the Qauli school of thought. If it is not found either qauliy or ilhaq, then it is carried out according to the Manhajiy school of thought. The next generation of Ulama make explanations (syarah) in stages, at the 2015 Muktamar deciding on the istinbāṭ Jamā'iy Mechanism, the 2017 National Deliberation deciding on the Taqrīr and Ilhāq Jamā'i Mechanisms, and the 2021 National Conference deciding on the istinbāṭ Maqashidi Mechanism or istinbāṭ Istishlahi . From these dynamics, it is emphasized that NU has a moderate principle where the law continues to develop and strengthens that Islamic law is flexible, elastic and dynamic so that it is adaptive to space and time.
Downloads
References
Al-Baihaqi, Ahmad bin Husain bin ‘Ali bin Musa Abu Bakr, Sunan al-Baihaqiy al-Kubrā, Jld. 10, Makkah al-Mukarromah: Maktabah Dar al-Baz, 1994
Al-Haitami, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ali Ibnu Hajar, Al-Fatawa al-Kubra al-Fiqhiyyah, jld. 10, Bairut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiah, 1997
Ali Jum‘ah, ̀Ᾱliyātu al-Ijtihād, Kairo: Dar al-Risalah, 2004Al-Juwayni, Al-Burhān fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Jld. II, Kairo: Dar al-Asar, t.th
Al-Muthi’i, Muhammad Bahit, Sullamu al-Wus}ul Syarah Niha>yatu al-Su>l, jld. III, Mesir: Bahrul Ulum, t.th
Al-Nadawiy, ‘Atha’ al-Rahman, “al-Ijtihad wa Dauruhu fi Tajdid al-Fiqh al-Islami”, dalam Dirasat al-Jami’ah al-Islamiyyah al-‘Alamiyyah, Jilid III, Desember 2006
Al-Qarḍawi,Yusuf, Sharī’ah al-Islām Ṣaliḥah fī Kulli Zamān wa Makān, Kairo: Dar al-Ṣaḥwah, 1993
Al-Qarafi, Aḥmad ibn Idris al-Maliki, Al-Iḥkām fī Tamyīz al-Fatāwā ‘an al-Aḥkām wa Taṣarrufāt al-Qāḍi wa al-Imām, Jld. I, Beirut: Dar al-Basha’ir al-Islamiyah, 1995
Al-Qattan, Manna‘ Khalil, Wujūb Taḥkīm al-Shari’ah al-Islāmiyah, Saudi: Idarah al-thaqafah wa al-Nashr al-Jami’ah, 1985
Al-Sam‘ani, Abu al-Muẓaffar, Qawāṭi‘ al-̀Adillah fī al-`Uṣūl, Jld. I, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1997
Al-Zuḥayli, Wahbah, Mawsū’ah al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa al-Qaḍāyā al-Mu‘āṣirah, Jld. I Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 2012
Aminuddin, Luthfi Hadi, “Istinbat Jama’i dan Penerapannya dalam Bahsul Masail”, Al-Manahij IX (2), (Desember 2015), 240
Asrori, A. Ma’ruf, (ed), Ahkamul Fuqaha; Solusi Problematika Aktual Hukum Islam, Keputusan Muktamar, Munas dan Konbes Nahdlatul Ulama (1926-2010 M), Surabaya: Khalista & LTN BPNU, 2011
Asy-Sya’raniy, Abdul Wahhab, al-Mizan al-Kubra, jld. 1, Mesir: Maktabah Mustafa al-Halabiy, t.th
Aziz, Akhmad Sahal dan Munawir, Islam Nusantara Dari Ushul Fiqh Hingga Paham Kebangsaan, Bandung: Mizan , 2015
DZ, Abdul Mun’im, (ad), Hasil-Hasil Muktamar 32 Nahdlatul Ulama, Cet. Ke-2, Jakarta: Sekretariat Jendral PBNU, 2011
PBNU, Tim LTN, Ahkamul Fuqaha fi Muqarrarat Mu’tamarat Nahdlatil Ulama; Solusi Problematika Aktual Hukum Islam, Keputusan Muktamar, Munas, dan Konbes Nahdlatul Ulama, cet. Ke-II, Surabaya: Khalista, 2019
Khallaf, Abdul Wahhab, Maṣādir al-Tashrī‘ al-Islāmī fīmā Lā naṣṣa fīh, Kuwait: Dar al-Qalam, 1993
Maarif, Ahmad Syafii, Fikih Kebinekaan, Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2015
Mahsun, Mazhab NU Mazhab Kritis, Depok: Nadi Pustaka, 2015
Muhajir, Afifuddin, Metodologi Kajian Fiqh: Pendekatan Bermadzhab Qauli dan Manhaji, Situbondo: Ibrahimy Press, 2009
Muzadi, Abdul Muchit, Nahdlatul Ulama Dalam Perspektif Sejarah dan Ajaran (Refleksi 60 Tahun Ikut NU), Surabaya: Khalista, 2006
Rumadi dkk (Ed), Hasil-Hasil Muktamar NU ke-33, Cet. II, Jakarta: Lembaga Ta’lif wan Nasyr PBNU, 2016
Syafi'i, Imam ‘Transformasi Madzhab Qouli Menuju Madzhab Manhaji Jama ` iy Dalam Bahtsul Masa ` il’, Asy-Syari`ah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 4 (1), 2018
Zahro, Ahmad, Tradisi Intelektual NU, Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2004
Copyright (c) 2022 Imam Syafi'i
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
